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      Mini kiwi “Issai” – Actinidia arguta, 2 plants, 11 cm pot, approx. 40 cm height
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      Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis) – 35–130 cm
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      Nobilis-Tanne – Mini-Weihnachtsbaum, 30–60 cm
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      Yellow Kiwi “Golden Kiwi” (Actinidia deliciosa), 2 plants, 50 cm tall
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      Mini kiwi “Issai” – Actinidia arguta, 2 plants, 11 cm pot, approx. 40 cm height
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      Apple tree “Elstar” – in a pot, 90 cm tall
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      Outsider Box - Surprise Box - Mix of unique plants - 8-12 plants per set
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      Predatory mite mix against fungus gnats & red bird mites – loose product
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      Predatory mite mix against thrips & spider mites – loose product
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Schädlingslexikon – Green Guardia

Haarmücken: Erkennen, Ursachen & Larven im Rasen

Haarmücken werden umgangssprachlich oft „Schnaken“ genannt. Die erwachsenen Tiere sind meist harmlos, aber die Larven bestimmter Arten (z. B. Wiesenschnaken-Larven) können im Rasen an Wurzeln fressen und Grasflächen schwächen. Hier erfährst du die wichtigsten Merkmale, typische Anzeichen und natürliche Maßnahmen.

ⓘTipulidae · Haarmücken #Schnaken im Haus · Larven im Rasen

Was sind Haarmücken?

Haarmücken (Familie Tipulidae) sind große, langbeinige Insekten, die oft in Wohnungen oder an Fenstern auffallen. Die erwachsenen Tiere stechen nicht und sind in der Regel harmlos. Wichtig sind jedoch die Larven bestimmter Arten: Sie leben im Boden und können an Wurzeln und Pflanzenresten fressen.

auch „Schnaken“ langbeinige Fluginsekten Larven im Boden

Typische Anzeichen

  • große, schlanke Insekten mit sehr langen Beinen in Haus oder Garten
  • häufige Sichtungen an Fenstern (besonders abends)
  • im Garten: dünner werdender Rasen oder kahle Stellen (bei starkem Larvenbefall)
  • mehr Vögel im Rasen (sie suchen Larven)
  • bei Kontrolle: graubraune, beinlose Larven im Boden („Lederhäute“)
Green Guardia Tipp: Wenn du nur erwachsene „Schnaken“ siehst, ist das meist kein Problem. Relevant wird es vor allem, wenn Rasenstellen schwächer werden und Larven im Boden gefunden werden.

Schäden durch Larven (Wiesenschnaken)

Die Larven bestimmter Haarmückenarten werden oft als Wiesenschnaken-Larven bezeichnet. Sie fressen an Graswurzeln und können besonders im Herbst und Frühjahr auffällige Rasenschäden verursachen.

  • Rasen wird gelblich, dünn oder lückig
  • kahlen Stellen trotz Bewässerung
  • Gräser lassen sich leichter herausziehen
  • Folgeschäden durch Vögel oder Igel, die nach Larven suchen

Wie kommt es zum Befall?

  • Eiablage der Haarmücken in feuchte Rasenflächen
  • viel Feuchtigkeit und dichter Bewuchs begünstigen Larven
  • milde Winter erhöhen Überlebensraten
  • schwacher Boden und wenig Bodenleben können Probleme verstärken

Vorbeugung im Garten

1. Rasenpflege

  • Rasen nicht dauerhaft zu kurz mähen
  • Rasenfilz reduzieren (Vertikutieren nach Bedarf)
  • ausgewogen düngen und gut durchwurzelten Rasen fördern

2. Feuchtigkeit steuern

  • Staunässe vermeiden
  • morgens gießen statt abends
  • verdichtete Böden lockern

Sanfte Maßnahmen bei Larvenverdacht

  • Rasenstellen anheben und Engerlinge/Larvenanzahl prüfen
  • Nachsaat in geschädigten Bereichen
  • Vögel als natürliche Helfer fördern (Wasserstelle, naturnahe Ecken)

Natürliche Nützlinge: Nematoden gegen Larven

Gegen bodenlebende Larven von Haarmücken können Nematoden (mikroskopisch kleine Fadenwürmer) eine natürliche Unterstützung sein. Häufig werden Steinernema-Arten eingesetzt, die im feuchten Boden aktiv werden und Larvenstadien erreichen.

  • wirken direkt im Boden (Lebensraum der Larven)
  • unterstützen die Reduktion von Larvenstadien
  • für Menschen, Haustiere und Pflanzen unbedenklich
Warum Nematoden helfen: Haarmückenlarven sind im Boden schwer erreichbar. Nematoden wirken genau dort, wo die Larven fressen – als natürliche Ergänzung zu guter Rasenpflege.

FAQ zu Haarmücken

Stechen Haarmücken (Schnaken)?

Nein. Haarmücken stechen nicht. Sie wirken nur durch Größe und Flugverhalten „bedrohlich“, sind aber harmlos.

Warum habe ich viele Schnaken im Haus?

Häufig gelangen sie durch offene Fenster, besonders abends bei Licht. Fliegengitter helfen sehr zuverlässig.

Woran erkenne ich Larven im Rasen?

Bei Rasenschäden kannst du eine kleine Fläche anheben und den Boden prüfen: Wiesenschnaken-Larven sind meist graubraun und beinlos.

Wann sind Nematoden sinnvoll?

Wenn viele Larven im Boden gefunden werden und der Rasen deutlich geschwächt ist. Wichtig ist ein ausreichend feuchter Boden, damit Nematoden aktiv bleiben.

Schnellüberblick

  • Insekt: Haarmücken („Schnaken“)
  • Bereich: Garten, Rasen, Hausnähe
  • Problem: Larven im Boden (Rasenschäden)
  • Nützlinge: Nematoden (Steinernema)
✓ Natürlich im Boden unterstützen

Typische Probleme

  • große „Schnaken“ am Fenster
  • Rasen wird lückig oder gelb
  • Vögel picken auffällig im Rasen
  • Larven schwer zu finden

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